Linux Directory Structure

Linux ๋””๋ ‰ํ† ๋ฆฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•„์š”

References: howtogeek.com, realforce111.tistory.com, coding-factory.tistory.com

Linux Directory Structure Diagram

  • Linux๋Š” Unix ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ OS๋ผ์„œ Unix์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค

    • Unix์—์„œ๋Š” system๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ •๋ณด / ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํŒŒ์ผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค

      • Linux๋„ Unix์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ system ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ํŒŒ์ผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค!

Linux Directory Structure Tree
  • Linux๋Š” ํŒŒ์ผ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด directory๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด Tree ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด๋‹ค

  • ๋ช…๋ น์–ด์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ / ๋‚ด์šฉ / ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ถŒํ•œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ directory๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค

  • ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ Linux๋Š”

    • FHF (FIlesystem Hierarchy Standard) ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ,

    • ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ํŒŒ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋ชจ์•„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ

      • System ์ž์›์ด๋‚˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋“ค์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค

        • ์ฆ‰, ๋ช…๋ น์–ด / ํŒŒ์ผ / ๋ฌธ์„œ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋œ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋œ๋‹ค!

Directory Structure

๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ Linux์˜ distro ์ค‘ Ubuntu 18.04 ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , directory structure๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค

์ฃผํ˜„์“ฐ ์šฐ๋ถ„ํˆฌ

/ - The Root Directory

  • ์ตœ์ƒ์œ„ directory

  • ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์…˜ ์„ค์ • ์‹œ์— ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์กด์žฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค!

  • ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋˜๋Š” directory

/bin - Essential User Binaries

image-20200801222753469
  • Linux ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ช…๋ น์–ด (binary) ๋“ค์ด ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” directory

  • system์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ช…๋ น์–ด๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์žˆ๋‹ค

  • ๋ถ€ํŒ…์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ช…๋ น์–ด๋“ค์ด ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค

    • ๋ถ€ํŒ… ํ›„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ช…๋ น์–ด๋“ค๋„ ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค

/boot - Static Boot Fiels

  • system์„ ๋ถ€ํŒ…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ปค๋„ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ๋ถ€ํŒ… ์ •๋ณด ํŒŒ์ผ๋“ค์ด ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” directory

  • /etc/lilo.conf ์—์„œ ์ง€์ •ํ•œ ์ปค๋„ ๋ถ€ํŒ… ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ํŒŒ์ผ์ด ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค

  • ๋ถ€ํŒ… ์‹œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ directory!

/cdrom - Historical Mount Point for CD-ROMs

  • FHS standard ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ Ubuntu๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ distro์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค

  • CD-ROM ๋“ค์˜ ์ž„์‹œ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ์ด๋‹ค

/dev - Device Files

image-20200801222718552
  • ์žฅ์น˜ ํŒŒ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ €์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” directory

  • but, ์‹ค์ œ ํŒŒ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!

    • ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ํŒŒ์ผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค

/etc - Configuration Files

  • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค์ • ํŒŒ์ผ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” directory

    • ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ค์ • ํŒŒ์ผ

    • ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ •๋ณด / ์•”ํ˜ธ ์ •๋ณด

    • ํŒŒ์ผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ •๋ณด

    • ๋ณด์•ˆํŒŒ์ผ

    • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™” ํŒŒ์ผ ๋“ฑ ์ค‘์š” ์„ค์ • ํŒŒ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ directory

/home - Home Folders

  • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ home directory ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ณณ

  • ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๊ณ„์ •์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ๊ณ„์ •๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž directory๊ฐ€ /home directory์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ directory๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค!

image-20200801215130568
  • ๋‚ด ubuntu์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ chloe ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ /home directory๊ฐ€ ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๋‹ค!

/lib - Essential Shared Libraries

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  • /bin ๊ณผ /sbin folder์˜ binary ๋“ค์ด ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” Library file๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” directory

    • /usr/bin ์˜ binary ๋“ค์ด ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” library๋Š” /usr/lib ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค!

  • /lib/modules ์—๋Š” ์ปค๋„ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ํŒŒ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค

  • ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ library ๋“ค์€ ๋งํฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค

/media - Removable Media

  • CD_ROM์ด๋‚˜ USB๊ฐ™์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” directory

/mnt - Temporary Mount Points

  • ํŒŒ์ผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ž„์‹œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” directory

  • ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์„ mount ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค

    • ๋‹ค๋ฅธ Directory๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ ๋œ๋‹ค!

/opt - Optional Packages

image-20200801222546524
  • ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€๊ฐ€ ์„ค์น˜๋˜๋Š” directory

/proc - Kernel & Process Files

  • System์˜ ๊ฐ์ข… processor, ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ •๋ณด, ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์ด ์ €์žฅ๋จ

  • /dev directory ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ํŒŒ์ผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ!

    • ํ•˜๋“œ๋””์Šคํฌ์— ์ €์žฅ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ปค๋„์— ์˜ํ•ด memory์— ์ €์žฅ๋œ๋‹ค

  • ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ค์ •์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค

  • /proc directory ๋‚ด์— ์ž‡๋Š” ํŒŒ์ผ์„ cat ๋ช…๋ น์–ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋ฉด, system ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค

    • ex) Interrupt ์ •๋ณด ํ™•์ธ - cat /proc/interrupts

    • image-20200801221244796

/root - Root Home Directory

  • root ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ home directory

    • / directory ์™€ /root ๋ชจ๋‘ root๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค!

/run - Application State Files

  • ์‹คํ–‰์ค‘์ธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํŒŒ์ผ์ด ์ €์žฅ๋˜๋Š” Directory

/sbin - System Administration Binaries

  • /bin directory์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, system ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‹คํ–‰ ๋ช…๋ น์–ด๋“ค์ด ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค

    • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ ๊ฒ€ ๋ฐ ๋ณต๊ตฌ ๋ช…๋ น

    • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™” ๋ฐ ์ข…๋ฃŒ ๋ช…๋ น ๋“ฑ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹คํ–‰ ํŒŒ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค!

/srv - Service Data

  • FTP๋‚˜ Web ๋“ฑ system์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ €์žฅ๋˜๋Š” directory

/tmp - Temporary FIles

  • system ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ค‘์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ž„์‹œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ €์žฅ๋œ๋‹ค

    • ๋ถ€ํŒ… ์‹œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™”๋œ๋‹ค!

/usr - User Binaries & Read-Only Data

image-20200801222450480
  • ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ program library ํŒŒ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค

    • ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‹คํ–‰ ํŒŒ์ผ

    • ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ํŒŒ์ผ

    • ํ—ค๋” ํŒŒ์ผ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํŒŒ์ผ์ด ์ €์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” directory

/var - Variable Data Files

image-20200801222415802
  • system ์šด์˜์ค‘์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ **๋กœ๊ทธ (์ž‘๋™ ๊ธฐ๋ก)**๊ฐ€ ์ €์žฅ๋˜๋Š” directory

  • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์ ์ธ ํŒŒ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ €์žฅ๋œ๋‹ค

    • ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ €์žฅ directory

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