Protocol

Reference: [์ฑ…] IT ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ž…๋ฌธ

Before getting started

  • ๊ทœ์ •/๊ทœ์•ฝ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋•Œ protocol ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค

  • ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ๋„ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•  ๋•Œ์˜ ๊ทœ์•ฝ์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ protocol ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค

Protocol

  • ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ธก๋ฉด

    • data ์ „์†ก ๋งค์ฒด, ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๊ทœ์•ฝ, ํšŒ์„  ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ ๋“ฑ

    • Ethernet์ด ๋„๋ฆฌ ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค

  • ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ธก๋ฉด

    • ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค๋ผ๋ฆฌ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ protocol ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ

    • TCP/IP๊ฐ€ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค

bit ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ protocol

  • protocol์€ ์ ์€ data๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ 2์ง„์ˆ˜ bit ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค

    • ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ bit๋กœ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ „์†กํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์•ฝ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์•ฝ์†์„ ์ฒ ์ €ํžˆ ์ง€์ผœ์•ผ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค

Application level protocol

  • application level protocol์€ bit ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ protocol์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค

    • HTTP์™€ SMPT์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ protocol์ด ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ด๋‹ค

    • bit๋กœ message๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์ž ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด header, header ๊ฐ’, data๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค

    • ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์€ bit ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ protocol ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋–จ์–ด์ง€์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด header ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ณ  ํ™•์žฅ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค

Protocol stack

  • ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ TCP/IP๋Š” protocol์ด ์•„๋‹Œ protocol stack์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค

    • TCP์™€ IP๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„์˜ layer์—์„œ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” protocol ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ protocol ๋ฌถ์Œ์„ protocol stack์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค

    • TCP/IP protocol stack์—๋Š” TCP, IP ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ UTP, ICMP, ARP, HTTP, SMTP, FTP์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œapplication layer protocol์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค

  • TCP/IP protocol stack์€ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ 4๊ฐœ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰œ๋‹ค

    • Pysical layer

      • Ethernet

    • Network layer

      • data๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€์— ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค

    • Transport layer

      • ์ž˜๋ฆฐ packet์„ data ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค€๋‹ค

    • application layer

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